Canonical quantization for quantum plasmonics with finite nanostructures

The quantization of plasmons has been analyzed mostly under the assumption of an infinite-size bulk medium interacting with the electromagnetic field. We reformulate it for finite-size media, such as metallic or dielectric nanostructures, highlighting sharp differences. By diagonalizing the Hamiltonian by means of a Lippmann-Schwinger equation, we show the contribution of two sets of bosonic operators, one stemming from medium fluctuations and one from the electromagnetic field. The results apply to general models including dissipative and dispersive responses.