Comparison between optimal control and shortcut to adiabaticity protocols in a linear control system

We analyze the control of the motion of a charged particle by means of an external electric field. The system is constrained to move along a given direction. The goal of the control is to change the speed of the particle in a fixed time with zero initial and final accelerations, while minimizing a cost functional in order to achieve a smooth transport of the system. We solve this linear control problem by using shortcut to adiabaticity (STA) methods and optimal control techniques. STA protocols are built upon local constraints. By extending the number of space variables, we explain how optimal control protocols can accommodate such constraints and provide robust solutions against slight initial and final time uncertainties. Conversely, optimal control can guide the choice of the class of functions involved in STA processes. Such mutual benefices of the two approaches remain valid beyond the specific example studied here.