Oligometastatic prostate cancer management

Objective. To review biology and management of oligometastatic prostate cancer. Material and Methods. Relevant publications were identified through Medline (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Embase (www.embase.com) and the US National Library of Medicine (www.clinicaltrials.org) databases using the following keywords, alone or in association, - ``prostate cancer; metastasis; oligo-metastasis''. Articles were selected according to methods, language of publication and relevance. After careful selection 99 publications were eligible for our review. Results. Oligometastatic prostate cancer is a new entity including prostate cancer with a limited number of metastasis. This particular state becomes more frequent with the imaging progresses especially with the common use of new PET imaging with Choline or PSMA. There is no consensus about a strict definition of oligometastatic prostate cancer, number and sites of metastasis vary widely in the literature. Moreover, oligometastatic state can be observed de novo at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis as well as in case of recurrence after a primary treatment. There is actually an important lack of evidence-based medicine and no guidelines regarding treatment can be found. In de novo oligo-nnetatastatic prostate cancer, treatment of the primary tumor in association with androgen deprivation therapy seems to increase survival in selected patients but this needs to be confirmed by ongoing prospective clinical trials. In recurrent prostate cancer, metastasis directed therapy with or without androgen deprivation therapy is now routinely performed but its impact needs also to be analyzed. Conclusion. In absence of consensus or guidelines, management of prostate cancer should be an individualized, patient-based management taking into account primary tumor stage and grade, number and types of metastasis and patient characteristics. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.