Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for acute variceal gastrointestinal bleeding: Indications, techniques and outcomes

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TitreTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for acute variceal gastrointestinal bleeding: Indications, techniques and outcomes
Type de publicationJournal Article
Year of Publication2015
AuteursLoffroy R., Favelier S., Pottecher P., Estivalet L., Genson P.Y, Gehin S., Krause D., Cercueil J-P
JournalDIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL IMAGING
Volume96
Pagination745-755
Date PublishedJUL-AUG
Type of ArticleArticle
ISSN2211-5684
Mots-cléscirrhosis, embolization, portal hypertension, Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, Variceal bleeding
Résumé

Acute variceal bleeding is a life-threatening condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective therapy. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure is a minimally invasive image-guided intervention used for secondary prevention of bleeding and as salvage therapy in acute bleeding. Emergency TIPS should be considered early in patients with refractory variceal bleeding once medical treatment and endoscopic sclerotherapy fail, before the clinical condition worsens. Furthermore, admission to specialized centers is mandatory in such a setting and regional protocols are essential to be organized effectively. This procedure involves establishment of a direct pathway between the hepatic veins and the portal veins to decompress the portal venous hypertension that is the source of the patient's bleeding. The procedure is technically challenging, especially in critically ill patients, and has a mortality of 30%-50% in the emergency setting, but has an effectiveness greater than 90% in controlling bleeding from gastro-esophageal varices. This review focuses on the role of TIPS in the setting of variceal bleeding, with emphasis on current indications and techniques for TIPS creation, TIPS clinical outcomes, and the role of adjuvant embolization of varices. (C) 2015 Editions francaises de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

DOI10.1016/j.diii.2015.05.005