Systemic Antifungal Prophylaxis in Patients Hospitalized in Hematology Units in France: The AFHEM Cross-Sectional Observational Study

The frequency of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) has increased in recent years. Within a context where both treatments and guidelines are fast evolving, we aim to shed new light on IFD management in hematologic departments in France. A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was prospectively conducted in 24 French centers in September and October 2013. Four hundred ninety-four hospitalized children and adult patients suffering from hematologic malignancy were enrolled: 147 (30%) were allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, 131 (27%) were patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 71 (14%) were patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who did not undergo allogeneic HSCT, and the 145 (29%) remaining patients did not belong to the three above groups. Two hundred forty-six patients (50%) received antifungal treatment, which was prophylactic in 187 (76%) treated patients. These rates were similar across all groups (63-80%). Patients received prophylaxis with an azole (79%), intravenous amphotericin B formulation (10%), echinocandin (9%), or two combination drugs (2%). Results indicate that prophylaxis is the leading antifungal strategy in French hematology units, regardless of the disease condition, representing 76% of prescriptions for antifungal therapy. Astellas Pharma France.