Clinical and haemodynamic risk factors associated with discrepancies in lower limb length with capillary malformations: data from the national paediatric French cohort CONAPE

{BackgroundGenetics discoveries have allowed for a better understanding of capillary malformations (CMs) associated with overgrowth syndrome. However, molecular analyses are still not easy to perform or interpret. Other analytical methods are needed. ObjectivesTo identify clinical and haemodynamic factors associated with leg length discrepancy (LLD) in children with CMs of the lower limbs. MethodsData were obtained from the multicentre French national cohort CONAPE (COhorte Nationale d'enfants atteints d'Angiome Plan de membrE inferieur), from children aged 2-12years old with CMs of the lower limbs. Clinical characteristics were prospectively collected. Haemodynamic factors were measured by an sonographer who calculated the arterial blood flow (ABF) in both lower limbs. An ABF difference 50% between the two lower limbs was considered relevant. LLD 2% was determined by the same radiologist on centralized radiographs. ResultsWe analysed data at baseline for 96 children. The meanSD age was 5631years; 49 (51%) were male; and 14 (15%) showed LLD. In total, 32 patients (33%) had venous anomalies, 13 (14%) lymphatic anomalies and in one child a diagnosis of Parkes Weber syndrome was made. Only an increased circumference above the knee was more frequent with than without LLD (43% vs. 13%