Identification and transcriptional profile of Lactobacillus paracasei genes involved in the response to desiccation and rehydration

Lactobacillus paracasei is able to persist in a variety of natural and technological environments despite physicochemical perturbations, in particular alternations between desiccation and rehydration. However, the way in which it adapts to hydric fluctuations and the genetic determinants involved are not clearly understood. To identify the genes involved in adaptation to desiccation, an annotated library of L. paracasei random transposon mutants was screened for viability after desiccation (25% relative humidity, 25 degrees C). We found 16 genes that have not been described as being involved in this response. Most of them are linked to either the transport of molecules or to cell wall structure and function. Our screening also identified genes encoding DNA related enzymes and an alarmone necessary for L. paracasei survival. Subsequently, the expression of the identified genes was measured at five stages of the dehydration-rehydration process to decipher the chronology of genetic mechanisms. They were classified into four different transcriptional profiles: genes upregulated during both desiccation and rehydration phases, genes upregulated during the desiccation phase only, genes downregulated during both desiccation and rehydration and genes downregulated only during the rehydration stage. Thus, genetic response to hydric fluctuations seems to occur during desiccation and can continue or not during rehydration. The genes identified should contribute to improve the stabilization of Lactobacillus starters in dry state.