A review of multi-stack and modular fuel cell systems: Interests, application areas and on-going research activities

Fuel cell technology is not widely used in the transportation industry because of its cost and technical and scientific barriers, which limit its efficiency, reliability and durability. Multi-stack fuel cell (MFC) systems could provide an improvement in performance over usual fuel cell systems. The aim of this paper is to present the current state of the art of multi-stack fuel cell systems. Different electrical and fluidic architectures have been designed for MFC systems. The effects of these architectures on the performances of the system are presented. Depending on the chosen architecture, a more reliable system is obtained through the enabling of degraded mode operation. The research focus is analyzed, and the remaining challenges are presented. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.