An optimal cluster-based routing algorithm for UCBSNs

Underwater Collaborative Body Sensor Network (UCBSN) is an important application of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). It allows monitoring the performance and status of group of persons in underwater environments to take appropriate actions. In this article, an optimal cluster-based routing scheme that was previously validated for BSNs and terrestrial CBSN is adapted to the underwater environment and proposed to address UCBSNs challenges. The main aim of the proposed scheme is to ensure reliable transmission of data, while reducing the network delay and the energy consumption of nodes, through optimizing the three steps of the routing process. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to other existing algorithms in terms of delay, BER, energy consumption, and percentage of dropped packets.