Multi-objective Optimisation of Wireless Sensor Networks Deployment: Application to fire surveillance in smart car parks

The exponential growth of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology paradigm has resulted in new applications and on-line services. Smart car park is one interesting example among others that can take advantage of applications based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) Which constitute the core of IoT. This paper focuses on the deployment optimization problem of WSNs dedicated to the fire detection in a smart car park. In such networks, the nodes are classified into two categories: Sensor Nodes (SNs) deployed within the smart car park for targets coverage and Relay Nodes (RNs) whose task is to relay alert messages generated by the sensor nodes up to the sink node. In this study, we propose a Multi-Objective Binary Integer Linear Programming (MOBILP) which minimizes simultaneously the number of sensor nodes, relay nodes and the maximum distance from sensor nodes to the sink node, while ensuring coverage and connectivity. We have conducted extensive tests in order to evaluate the performance of our proposal. The results demonstrate that the MOBILP outperforms the existing approaches in terms of quality of solutions compared to a sequential deployment method, which consists to deploy SNs then RNs, and in terms of the ability to find other efficient solutions compared to a simultaneous deployment method using a mono-objective function, which consists to deploy SNs and RNs simultaneously.