An integrative perspective of closeness in retailing: From retailers' sense-giving to consumers' sense-making

This research investigates the concept of closeness in retailing. While previous research on closeness has tended to adopt only consumers' point of view, in-depth interviews with managers and customers of a French supermarket chain show that both parties interpret and define closeness differently. Analysis reveals that ``store closeness'' comprises a complex set of meanings that are not limited to a geographical notion but rather encompass functional, relational, and integration notions. Furthermore, retailers define store closeness very broadly, which contributes to nurturing their positioning but also leads them to idealize their role in the marketplace. In contrast, consumers' definition of store closeness is more limited and mainly focuses on the functional features of the store, thus highlighting a discrepancy between retailers' sense-giving and consumers' sense-making. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.