Disentangling the latitudinal and altitudinal shifts in community composition induced by climate change: The case of riparian birds

{Aim This study investigates whether, and how, the composition of riparian bird communities has been affected by climate warming and habitat change. Although these two forces act separately, their respective contributions are rarely examined. Moreover, while the response of a given community may be a function of latitude and altitude, most studies have focused on these gradients separately. Riparian ecosystems are an opportunity to investigate community change along latitudinal and elevational gradients. Location France, three major rivers (the Doubs, the Allier and the Loire) Taxon Birds. Methods Drawing upon bird community monitoring data over a period of 31 years (1982-2013