Using subsoilers as complementary tools in the integrated pest management of small mammal populations in grasslands

Integrated pest management aims to preserve farms' forage self sufficency while minimizing the negative environmental impacts. The soil preparation with a specific engine called ``clecompacteur'' (pre-loosener) destroys the ancient galleries of mountain water voles (A. Terrestris) and moles (Talpa europea and Talpa aquitania). The soil pre-loosener is a complementary- tool for direct control that can increase predation by generalist predators. It is part of a strategy based on a ``tool box'' but its application is not universal and requires its integration into production systems and a strategy of territorial control