Soybean is less impacted by water stress using Bradyrhizobium japonicum and thuricin-17 from Bacillus thuringiensis

Climate change is forecasted to induce more drought stress events. Water scarcity is already the most limiting abiotic stress for crop production. With higher food demand, there is a need for sustainable solutions to cope with the loss of productivity due to water stress. It is known that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can colonize plant roots and increase plant growth. However, there is actually no sustainable method to decrease the impact of water stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that an application of thuricin-17, a molecule produced by the PGPR Bacillus thuringiensis, could enhance soybean tolerance to water stress. We grew soybean plants for 1 month in growth chambers in order to evaluate their response to thuricin-17 root application under drought, in association with the inoculation of N-2-fixing Bradyrhizobium japonicum. We measured traits reflecting root architecture: number of tips, root diameter, root length, number of nodules; water fluxes: water potential, stomatal conductance; carbon nutrition: leaf area, photosynthetic rate, biomass and carbon partitioning; nitrogen nutrition: nitrogen partitioning and hormone signalling: abscisic acid concentration during the vegetative growth period. Our results show that thuricin-17 application under water stress increased plant biomass by 17 %, thus masking drought impact. This effect is due to modifications of below-ground structures, with 37 % increase of root and 55 % increase of nodule biomass, and to slight increases of leaf area and photosynthetic rate. We also observed that application of thuricin-17 induced a 30 % increase of root abscisic acid, an increase of root length and of leaf water potential. Finally, thuricin-17 induced an activation of nodule formation by 40 %, a partial restoration of nodule-specific activity, nodule growth and consequently, an increase by 17 % of the total nitrogen amount in the plant. Overall, our findings reveal a new method to decrease the negative impact of water stress. Results also demonstrate that the plant restored an adequate water and N balance by changing its root structure.