Influence of the pH on the ZnO nanoparticle growth in supercritical water: Experimental and simulation approaches

In order to improve the knowledge on the nucleation and the growth mechanisms of metal oxides nanoparticles produced in supercritical water domain, ZnO was used as a ``model'' material. A continuous process of hydrothermal synthesis was employed to synthesize ZnO nanopowders (T = 410 degrees C and P = 305 bar) from Zn(NO3)(2) and KOH solutions with different values of [KOH]/[Zn(II)] ratio from 0 to 8 in order to investigate the pH effect on the growth of ZnO nanocrystallite in terms of size and morphology. The samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction and Transmission Electronic Microscopy. ZnO crystal was considered as a cylindrical crystallite with a diameter D and height H. Especially, the aspect ratio D/H was already used to observe the change of ZnO nanoparticle shape correlated with TEM observations and results from a CFD simulation model. A schematic synoptic of the ZnO growth in supercritical domain is also presented. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.